Biography of GARDNER - Mary Sewall

Born 5 February 1871, Newton, Massachusetts; died 20 February 1961, Providence, Rhode Island
Daughter of William Sewall and Mary Thornton Gardner

As a girl, Mary Sewall Gardner moved with her well-to-do family from Massachusetts to Providence, where she lived and worked all her life. Gardner credited her father and half-brother, both of them lawyers and judges, with teaching her to think clearly and to feel a sense of civic responsibility. In 1890, Gardner graduated from Miss Porter's School in Farmington, Connecticut. She entered the Newport Hospital Training School for Nurses when she was over thirty.

In 1905, soon after graduating, Gardner became director of the Providence District Nursing Association, which she headed until her retirement in 1931. Worried that the boom in public-health work was leading to employment of poorly trained nurses, Lillian D. Wald, Gardner, and others prodded the two national nurses' groups to establish a standard-setting body. The result was the National Organization for Public Health Nursing (NOPHN), founded in 1912. Gardner helped draft its constitution, was active on its first board of directors, and succeeded Wald as NOPHN president from 1913 to 1916.

Like the NOPHN, Gardner's first book, Public Health Nursing (1916), aimed to guide, restrain, and standardize the efforts of nurses and lay people caught up in the enthusiasm for public health. The first systematic treatment of the subject, it was revised in 1924 and 1936 and was in print until 1945. In a demonstration of the worldwide influence of American nursing methods it was translated into French, Spanish, Chinese, and Japanese. Although used in classrooms, the book served a wider audience by offering advice on how to found and manage a district nursing association, how to run a one-woman public-health program, and how to deal with lay boards of managers.

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